Choose your substitute based on the use case: prepared horseradish or wasabi powder for raw fish and sauces, mustard mix for milder dipping, fresh horseradish for brightest raw heat, and chili paste for cooked dishes.
Prepare the substitute by draining excess liquid from prepared horseradish, rehydrating wasabi powder, mixing mustard with horseradish, or finely grating fresh horseradish just before use.
Apply the substitute using suggested ratios: 1:1 for prepared and fresh horseradish, 1 teaspoon powder + 1 teaspoon water, 1 tablespoon mustard + ¼ teaspoon horseradish, or ½ tablespoon chili paste per tablespoon wasabi.
Allow rehydrated wasabi powder to bloom for 5 minutes before serving; mix mustard-based substitutes with rice vinegar if thinning is desired for dipping sauces.
Check final flavor and consistency, adjusting horseradish amount in mustard mix or the amount of substitute to suit heat preference and dish compatibility.