Select the substitute based on your dish: poppy seeds or hemp seeds for raw, chopped sunflower or pumpkin seeds for cooking, and ground flaxseed or poppy seeds for baking.
Toast poppy seeds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, and whole flaxseeds in a dry pan over medium heat to enhance nutty flavor.
Chop larger seeds like sunflower and pumpkin seeds finely to approximate sesame seed texture.
Measure substitutes using 1:1 ratio by volume for seeds, or 1 tablespoon to 1 tablespoon for ground flaxseed, adjusting as needed for texture and taste.
Add the prepared substitute to your recipe and adjust seasoning or texture if necessary before serving or baking.