Choose substitute based on recipe: zucchini or jicama for raw salads, celery for cooked dishes, green apple for tart crunch, or iceberg lettuce for soft moisture.
Prepare substitute by peeling if needed and cutting to match the cucumber size in the recipe.
Use a 1:1 volume ratio for most substitutes; for iceberg lettuce, use chopped to match diced cucumber volume.
Adjust seasoning or dressings to balance flavor changes from substitutes like sweetness or bitterness.
For cooked dishes, incorporate celery or zucchini and cook as recipe directs; for raw dishes, add substitutes fresh to maintain crunch.